Diabet

Causes of Diabetes
The factors contributing to the onset of type 1 diabetes generally include:

• Heredity: When both parents are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, the probability of developing the disease is 30%.
• Viral infections that cause damage to the pancreas (rubella, mumps, chickenpox, hepatitis, etc.).
• Autoimmune diseases.

Sure, here is a list of common symptoms of diabetes:

1. Frequent urination
2. Excessive thirst
3. Extreme hunger
4. Unexplained weight loss
5. Fatigue
6. Irritability
7. Blurred vision
8. Slow-healing sores
9. Frequent infections
10. Tingling or numbness in hands or feet
11. Gum or skin infections
12. Darkened skin areas, particularly around the neck and armpits (acanthosis nigricans)

These symptoms can vary depending on the type of diabetes (Type 1, Type 2, or gestational diabetes) and the individual. If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

To diagnose diabetes, you need to schedule an appointment with an endocrinologist. The doctor will conduct a consultation where they examine the patient’s complaints and collect the medical history to identify risk factors for diabetes. Persistent high blood sugar levels and other clinical signs of diabetes are detected through specific tests, which the endocrinologist will prescribe after the consultation.

Tests conducted:

1. Fasting blood test:

• The endocrinologist asks the patient to refrain from eating a few hours before bedtime and in the morning before the test. During the procedure, the specialist treats the finger’s skin with an antiseptic, makes a small puncture with a lancet, and collects a small amount of blood in a special container. A blood glucose level above 6.5 mmol/L in the sample indicates diabetes.

1. Blood test for glycosylated hemoglobin:

• This test measures the average blood glucose levels over the past three months, making it useful for both the initial diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes treatment. A glycosylated hemoglobin level above 6.5% indicates diabetes.

1. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT):

• The first step is a standard fasting blood glucose determination. Then, the doctor asks the patient to drink a glass of sugary water, and after two hours, another blood test is conducted. If the first test shows a moderate blood glucose level (up to 6.5 mmol/L) and the second test shows a significant increase (around 11 mmol/L), the diagnosis of diabetes is confirmed.

1. Blood test for C-peptide:

• This test is prescribed to reliably assess insulin production over a certain period.

1. Random blood test:

• This test is used to confirm signs of the disease. A glucose concentration above 10 mmol/L in several blood samples, regardless of meal times, indicates diabetes.

1. Urine analysis:

• Diabetic patients often have high glucose levels in their urine. Additionally, the patient’s urine may contain ketone bodies, indicating a disturbance in glucose metabolism.

If necessary, the endocrinologist may also recommend consultations with a neurologist, cardiologist, nephrologist, and other specialists to rule out dangerous complications of the disease. Pregnant women should consult an obstetrician-gynecologist.

Certainly! Here’s an overview of diabetes treatment: