With an enzyme deficiency (proteins that accelerate biochemical reactions) in red blood cells.
If hemoglobin formation is impaired:
- Thalassemia
- Sickle cell anemia
- Hemoglobinopathies
In some cases, the causes of anemia are a lack of certain vitamins and micronutrients (B12, folic acid, iron) or an absorption problem.
Symptoms of Anemia
The symptoms of anemia are non-specific and can be seen in other diseases as well. The main symptoms of the disease can be grouped into two syndromes: hypoxic and sideropenic.
Hypoxic Syndrome is a consequence of a lack of oxygen in the tissues. Patients may complain of:
- General weakness
- Fatigue
- Decreased performance
- Dizziness
- Exhaustion
- Noise or ringing in the ears, spots in the eyes
- Shortness of breath, sweating during moderate physical activity
- Pale skin and mucous membranes
- Increased heart rate
Manifestations of Sideropenic Syndrome:
- Taste perversions
- Dry skin
- Brittle, thin nails
- Hair loss
- Angular stomatitis (cracks at the corners of the mouth)
- Burning sensation in the tongue
- Dyspepsia symptoms
In women, a common symptom of anemia is prolonged and heavy menstrual periods.
The variety of clinical manifestations of iron deficiency is explained by a wide range of metabolic disorders caused by the dysfunction of iron-containing and iron-dependent enzymes.
Key Characteristics of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA):
IDA develops gradually. The body has the ability to adjust and adapt to changes in hemoglobin levels, which is why the patient’s condition deteriorates slowly and imperceptibly, and the signs of pathology are not always clearly expressed.
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